What are the best practices in web design? How do you implement them successfully in your next web design project? And what do we define as design standards and best practices in web design?

What do we mean by best practices?

In web development, there are fixed rules that primarily have to do with the readability and cleanliness of the code as well as the security of a website. In web design, on the other hand, the terminology is somewhat more vague and the rules are more open to interpretation.

Best practices in web design are a set of rules to follow in order to meet the general expectations of users. They are also guidelines for more clarity and a better user experience.

In this article, I present the best practices for good web design. For each area, I will give you tips on how you can acquire further knowledge and present tools and examples that will help you with your next project.

I will also briefly cover the topic of best practices in WordPress development. As you probably know, project planning and project management are an important part of web design. In this article, I will leave both topics out for now, as this would go beyond the scope of this article.

Best Practices: Visual Design

We are now starting with the established standards for visual design: What are the best practices in the field of visual design? And which factors are included?

Recognition feature and branding

The website must match the rest of the company's image and should be based on the style guide. Therefore, check the website for the following questions:

• Is it clear at first glance which company the website was created for?
• Has the style guide been integrated?
• Can the website operator be recognized by the visual elements?
• Are the visual elements used consistently?
• Does the language used on the website reflect the branding?

Google is way ahead when it comes to consistent branding. I can't think of any other brand that has so many different products and still manages to give each product a corporate feel. Even when I look at a previously unknown Google product, I can associate it directly with the brand.

How does Google manage this?

Among other things, through the consistent use of Google colors, typography, striking whitespace, consistent call-to-actions and navigation. The logos also have a certain consistency that works across companies and categories - although the latter does not necessarily mean that the design will be liked.

With consistency in branding, you first analyze whether the website optimally reflects the company and its branding.

Web design standard and usability

Another "best practice" is defined by the integration of standards. These include, for example, placing the logo in the top left-hand corner, the appearance of buttons, links and so on. These help visitors to your site to find their way around quickly and easily. These standards are therefore indispensable for the implementation of successful usability.

What defines a web design standard?

Widespread design standards in web design are defined by UI design patterns. Andy Crestodina explains very clearly how standards are defined in his article on web design standards.

According to this, a design approach must be used on at least 80 percent of websites to count as standard. Anything else is either a habit (50-79 percent) or even brings inconsistency and confusion (0-49 percent) to your website.

Harmonious design: the rule of thirds

I have already reported on the topic of harmonious web design. This time, I would like to go into a little more detail about the rule of thirds.

This has been used for several hundred years - mainly in the fine arts and later in photography. As shown in the drawing, the design is divided into 9 equally sized boxes:

When creating websites, the rule of thirds also helps you to place the most important information in such a way that the visitor can perceive it directly. 

Put simply, a visual element should not take up more than three boxes and should be located in a third of the layout. The nodes are also particularly suitable for placing important messages and calls to action.

In Photoshop, you can use the "Crop Tool" and the "Rule of Thirds" setting to quickly and easily check and adjust your layouts. To illustrate the rule of thirds, I took a closer look at the Marqeta website:

The product and its message are well distributed across the nodes. The design could be made a little more efficient here by moving the CTA slightly. However, the harmony of the design would suffer somewhat as a result:

The mobile version clearly shows that the message fills the lower third of the layout, while the product is displayed fairly centered. We could rethink the placement of the CTA here.

So-called "heat maps" also help you to find out where visitors to your site mainly look and click. The Crazy Egg tool, for example, offers a (paid) service here.

Another way to check your design is the so-called blur test. This involves taking the sharpness out of your layout (for example using Photoshop and the "Gaussian Blur" - 12 percent). If users can no longer read the content, it quickly becomes clear what the focus is on when viewing the website. This test is also well suited for analysing the CTA. Is it still recognizable as such?

I used the Marqeta website again for this. The CTA on the right and the product are particularly prominent, followed by the message and finally the logo and the second CTA:

I have further toned down the mobile version to test what remains. Here, the product catches the eye first, followed by the CTA and the logo. You can do this test with the entire page - preferably during the design phase. Here you can quickly and easily analyze which elements of your design are prominent and decide whether this is what you want.

Optimize content and SEO

The creation of websites naturally also includes written content. There are professional copywriters who - with an eye on SEO, usability and style guide - write meaningful content for your website. However, there are also a few guidelines that you can follow yourself. 

You should pay particular attention to the length and readability of the text - texts are often too long and too convoluted. 

Even if the target group is used to a certain amount of technical jargon, you should always be aware that our attention span on a website is much shorter than when reading specialist articles, for example. Rather, we are looking for specific information when browsing websites. We scan the content, so to speak, rather than actually taking the time to read it properly.

Google also gives you minus points if the sentences on your page are too long and plus points if they are connected by so-called "transition words".

Interesting articles on the topic of SEO are also available:

• SEO Audit
• Backlinks
• SEO plugins for WordPress
• Guide to keyword research
• SEO Guide 2020

Web accessibility & barrier-free websites

Web accessibility is unfortunately still a marginal topic - and is too often ignored. Here, too, there are simple approaches that we could consider from the very first design. For example, do you mainly use colors to highlight information? 

You can easily test this by taking a look at your website in black and white:

I analyzed the same website again. Even without colors, the message comes across clearly. The top right CTA could be problematic in terms of contrast.

To check this with certainty, there is the "Contrast Checker". The default contrast ratio is at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text such as headlines:

If I specify the gray tones, the CTA is not contrasty enough, but sufficient in the color variant.

http://colorsafe.co/ is another tool for determining colors and their contrast. Here you can try out different color combinations directly. You are given the ratio directly and you have the option of selecting fonts and which WCAG standard you would like to align your selection with.

The use of colors for the visual representation of error handling can cause problems. Take form elements, for example. Errors are often displayed here by highlighting the input box in color. For someone with a color weakness, this can lead to errors not being recognized and therefore not being solved. 

You should take this into account when planning and therefore always make sure that there is another representation of the error. Here you can find more interesting facts and resources on the topic of accessibility, as well as valuable tips for creating an accessible WordPress website.

Further resources

• Accessible Interface Design

Resolution and responsive web design

There is probably no rule in web design that is mentioned more often - and disregarded more often - than "mobile first".

With this approach, the content is created for mobile devices and then adapted accordingly for the larger devices. The opposite of this is to create the design for desktop and other devices and then adapt it accordingly for smaller devices. 

I can think of two other approaches:

• Create a separate website for each mobile and desktop device and then access it accordingly.
• Display the website as a desktop version on the cell phone

The former can - depending on the project - be the right approach, but is not very widespread as it is very costly and time-consuming. The latter is unfortunately still seen too often on the web and therefore urgently needs to be on the list of "best practices". You can find more tips on mobile optimization here.

Mobile first does not necessarily always have to be the right way to go: Studies on the target group and their internet behavior can quickly show you which devices are mainly accessing your site. 

The idea behind this is not only that content is prepared visually accordingly, but also that the changed external conditions are taken into account. You can read more about this in the article Mobile-First UX Design Is No Longer a Trend.

The table below clearly shows which screens are used more frequently to access the internet. This can help you decide which screens you want to optimize your website for. However, please note that such a generalization can only be used as a guideline. Even these statistics cannot replace an analysis of your target groups.

Best practices for WordPress

WordPress Codex

WordPress offers you an incredible number of options for presenting your designs on the web. However, there are also standards and best practices that you should follow.

WordPress plugins and themes

When choosing the right plugin and theme, the focus is not only on its current functionality. It is also a good idea to read reviews and familiarize yourself with how often updates have been offered and to find out whether the plugin or theme will continue to be developed in the future. WordPress tools that are regularly developed further usually have more active support. They are also more likely to remain compatible with future versions of your site.

WordPress updates and security

Updating your themes and plugins regularly reduces vulnerability to unwanted access. Bugs are resolved and your websites are adapted to the ever-changing technical environment. Security plugins such as WordFence also help to keep an overview of your site and its security and to react to problems in good time. An SSL certificate should be integrated on every website.